Powder coating

The powder coating is a coating process for conductive or conductive materials. In the process used above all for steel and aluminum, a powder coating is applied to the pretreated surface and subsequently crosslinked under the action of heat.
The powder coating protects the substrate from corrosion and scratches. In addition, the method of surface technology is used to influence the optical and functional properties of workpieces. Powder-coated products can be found in the following areas:

• Doors and windows
• Facade construction
• Machine and vehicle components
• Household nurses (white goods)

Process sequence of the powder coating

1. Pretreatment

The aim of the surface pretreatment is to create optimal starting conditions for the application of the paint. Only with this preparation can workpieces of high and constant quality be coated. The improper pretreatment leads to paint releases and craters in the lacquer layer. For this purpose, the workpiece must be freed from dust, adder, grate, fat and dirt, whereby the pretreatment can be distinguished between chemical and mechanical methods. In aluminum, the natural oxide layer is also removed. In this step, a conversion layer is likewise produced on the workpiece. This increases the corrosion protection of the base material and improves the adhesion of the lacquer to be applied. The finish of the pretreatment is the drying of the workpiece.

3. Crosslinking and drying

The wetting of the powder coating layer takes place in an oven or dryer at temperatures between 110° and 250° C. The dwell time of the workpiece in the furnace is composed of the heating time, depending on the workpiece thickness, and the holding time, depending on the lacquer material. Low-temperature lacquers which crosslink at temperatures below 140° C. require increased baking time, with customary holding times being between 5 and 30 minutes. The workpiece throughput and plant-specific factors also affect the setting of the process. Layer thicknesses between 60 and 120 micrometers are produced with the powder coating, it being possible to deviate from this region both upwardly and downwardly.

In addition to protecting the surface and increasing its optical quality, the powder coating also serves to influence functional properties. The process is suitable, inter alia, for producing antimicrobiological or antistatic surfaces.

Due to the requirements for temperature stability and conductivity, the powder coating is used primarily for metallic materials. The coating process is particularly widespread for the following materials, each of which requires a specific pretreatment:

• Steel
• Galvanized steel
• Aluminium

The development of lacquer systems which require a low baking temperature and are suitable for non-metallic workpieces made of plastic or composite materials is particularly important for automotive lightweight construction.

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